Last data update: May 06, 2024. (Total: 46732 publications since 2009)
Records 1-23 (of 23 Records) |
Query Trace: Ridenour C[original query] |
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Direct RNA Sequencing of the Complete Influenza A Virus Genome (preprint)
Keller MW , Rambo-Martin BL , Wilson MM , Ridenour CA , Shepard SS , Stark TJ , Neuhaus EB , Dugan VG , Wentworth DE , Barnes JR . bioRxiv 2018 300384 For the first time, a complete genome of an RNA virus has been sequenced in its original form. Previously, RNA was sequenced by the chemical degradation of radiolabelled RNA, a difficult method that produced only short sequences. Instead, RNA has usually been sequenced indirectly by copying it into cDNA, which is often amplified to dsDNA by PCR and subsequently analyzed using a variety of DNA sequencing methods. We designed an adapter to short highly conserved termini of the influenza virus genome to target the (-) sense RNA into a protein nanopore on the Oxford Nanopore MinION sequencing platform. Utilizing this method and total RNA extracted from the allantoic fluid of infected chicken eggs, we demonstrate successful sequencing of the complete influenza virus genome with 100% nucleotide coverage, 99% consensus identity, and 99% of reads mapped to influenza. By utilizing the same methodology we can redesign the adapter in order to expand the targets to include viral mRNA and (+) sense cRNA, which are essential to the viral life cycle. This has the potential to identify and quantify splice variants and base modifications, which are not practically measurable with current methods. |
Author Correction: Direct RNA Sequencing of the Coding Complete Influenza A Virus Genome.
Keller MW , Rambo-Martin BL , Wilson MM , Ridenour CA , Shepard SS , Stark TJ , Neuhaus EB , Dugan VG , Wentworth DE , Barnes JR . Sci Rep 2018 8 (1) 15746 A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper. |
Survey: workplace violence prevention programs in nursing homes
Blando JD , Ridenour ML , Hartley D . J Healthc Prot Manage 2021 37 (1) 100-113 A survey of facilities in two states--one with workplace violence prevention regulations and one without--indicates that nursing home administrators know that workplace violence is a risk in their facilities and have instituted policies and programs to prevent it. The programs, though, tend to be piecemeal and informal. Surprisingly, the programs in the regulated state were not more rigorous than those in the other state, probably because of lack of enforcement and limited awareness of the regulations. |
Nonfatal violent workplace crime characteristics and rates by occupation - United States, 2007-2015
Siegel M , Johnson CY , Lawson CC , Ridenour M , Hartley D . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2020 69 (12) 324-328 Workplace violence can lead to adverse physical and psychological outcomes and affect work function (1). According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, intentional injury by another person is a leading cause of nonfatal injury requiring missed workdays (2). Most estimates of workplace violence include only crimes reported to employers or police, which are known underestimates (3,4). Using 2007-2015 data from the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS), characteristics of self-reported nonfatal violent workplace crimes, whether reported to authorities or not, and rates by occupation were examined. Estimates of crime prevalence were stratified by crime characteristics and 22 occupational groups. Overall, approximately eight violent workplace crimes were reported per 1,000 workers. During 2007-2010, workers in Protective services reported the highest rates of violent workplace crimes (101 per 1,000 workers), followed by Community and social services (19 per 1,000). Rates were higher among men (nine per 1,000) than among women (six per 1,000). Fifty-eight percent of crimes were not reported to police. More crimes against women than against men involved offenders known from the workplace (34% versus 19%). High-risk occupations appear to be those involving interpersonal contact with persons who might be violent, upset, or vulnerable. Training and controls should emphasize how employers and employees can recognize and manage specific risk factors in prevention programs. In addition, workplace violence-reduction interventions might benefit from curricula developed for men and women in specific occupational groups. |
Workplace violence prevention for nurses
Hartley D , Ridenour M , Wassell JT . Am J Nurs 2019 119 (9) 19-20 An online NIOSH course raises awareness of workplace violence and offers preventive strategies. |
Individual, business-related, and work environment factors associated with driving tired among taxi drivers in two metropolitan U.S. cities
Menendez C , Socias-Morales C , Konda S , Ridenour M . J Safety Res 2019 70 71-77 Introduction: Violence-related events and roadway incidents are the leading causes of injury among taxi drivers. Fatigue is under-recognized and prevalent in this workforce and is associated with both injury outcomes. We describe the association of individual, business-related, and work environment factors with driving tired among taxi drivers in two very different cities. Method: We developed a comprehensive survey for licensed taxi drivers. We trained surveyors to administer the 30-min survey using systematic sampling among taxi drivers waiting for fares in two large U.S. cities: the Southwest (City 1) and the West (City 2). A driving tired scale of the Occupational Driver Behavior Questionnaire was the outcome. Multivariate logistic models described driving tired behavior in city-specific models using adjusted Odds Ratios (ORadj). Results: City 1 and City 2 had 496 and 500 participants, respectively. Each driving tired behavior was significantly more prevalent in City 2 than City 1 (p < .05). There were more variables and a greater diversity of variables in the models describing drowsy driving in City 1 than City 2. In City 1, variables describing negative safety climate (ORadj = 1.15), socio-demographic groups (identifying as Asian, educational attainment), passenger-related violence (ORadj = 1.79), and company tenure (ORadj = 1.15) were associated with driving tired. In City 2, high perceived safety training usefulness (ORadj = 0.48) was associated with driving tired. A risk factor for driving tired that was common to both cities was job demands (ORadj = 1.21 in City 1; 1.43 in City 2). Conclusions: These findings represent two diverse taxi populations driving in two geographically distinct regions that differ in safety regulation. It is important that safety measures that include fatigue awareness training are reaching all drivers. Fatigue management training should be integrated into driver safety programs regardless of location. Practical applications: Fatigue management strategies that recognize individual factors, business-related characteristics, and work environment are an important component of road safety and are particularly relevant for occupational drivers. |
New Jersey Home Health Care Aides Survey Results
Ridenour ML , Hendricks S , Hartley D , Blando JD . Home Health Care Manag Pract 2019 31 (3) 172-178 The objective of the study was to report on what violence-based training home health care aides received, their participation in health promotion classes, and home health care aides’ experience with workplace violence. In 2013, a mail survey was completed by 513 home health care aides in the state of New Jersey. Ninety-four percent of the respondents were female. Respondents whose agency was part of a hospital were more likely to receive violence-based safety training than respondents whose agency was not part of a hospital (p =.0313). When the perpetrator of violence was a patient or family member, the respondents experienced verbal abuse the most (26%), then physical assault (16%) and exposure to bodily fluids (13%). Home health care aides whose agency was part of a hospital were more likely to receive violence-based safety training. Training is an important component of a workplace violence prevention program. |
Direct RNA Sequencing of the Coding Complete Influenza A Virus Genome.
Keller MW , Rambo-Martin BL , Wilson MM , Ridenour CA , Shepard SS , Stark TJ , Neuhaus EB , Dugan VG , Wentworth DE , Barnes JR . Sci Rep 2018 8 (1) 14408 For the first time, a coding complete genome of an RNA virus has been sequenced in its original form. Previously, RNA was sequenced by the chemical degradation of radiolabeled RNA, a difficult method that produced only short sequences. Instead, RNA has usually been sequenced indirectly by copying it into cDNA, which is often amplified to dsDNA by PCR and subsequently analyzed using a variety of DNA sequencing methods. We designed an adapter to short highly conserved termini of the influenza A virus genome to target the (-) sense RNA into a protein nanopore on the Oxford Nanopore MinION sequencing platform. Utilizing this method with total RNA extracted from the allantoic fluid of influenza rA/Puerto Rico/8/1934 (H1N1) virus infected chicken eggs (EID50 6.8 x 10(9)), we demonstrate successful sequencing of the coding complete influenza A virus genome with 100% nucleotide coverage, 99% consensus identity, and 99% of reads mapped to influenza A virus. By utilizing the same methodology one can redesign the adapter in order to expand the targets to include viral mRNA and (+) sense cRNA, which are essential to the viral life cycle, or other pathogens. This approach also has the potential to identify and quantify splice variants and base modifications, which are not practically measurable with current methods. |
Antigenically diverse swine-origin H1N1 variant influenza viruses exhibit differential ferret pathogenesis and transmission phenotypes.
Pulit-Penaloza JA , Jones J , Sun X , Jang Y , Thor S , Belser JA , Zanders N , Creager HM , Ridenour C , Wang L , Stark TJ , Garten R , Chen LM , Barnes J , Tumpey TM , Wentworth DE , Maines TR , Davis CT . J Virol 2018 92 (11) Influenza A(H1) viruses circulating in swine represent an emerging virus threat as zoonotic infections occur sporadically following exposure to swine. A fatal infection caused by an H1N1 variant (H1N1v) virus was detected in a patient with reported exposure to swine and who presented with pneumonia, respiratory failure, and cardiac arrest. To understand the genetic and phenotypic characteristics of the virus, genome sequence analysis, antigenic characterization, and ferret pathogenesis and transmissibility experiments were performed. Antigenic analysis of the virus isolated from the fatal case, A/Ohio/09/2015, demonstrated significant antigenic drift away from classical swine H1N1 variant viruses and H1N1 pandemic 2009 viruses. A substitution in the H1 hemagglutinin (G155E) was identified that likely impacted antigenicity, and reverse genetics was employed to understand the molecular mechanism of antibody escape. Reversion of the substitution to 155G, in a reverse genetics A/Ohio/09/2015 virus, showed that this residue was central to the loss of hemagglutination inhibition by ferret antisera raised against a prototypical H1N1 pandemic 2009 virus (A/California/07/2009), as well as gamma lineage classical swine H1N1 viruses, demonstrating the importance of this residue for antibody recognition of this H1 lineage. When analyzed in the ferret model, A/Ohio/09/2015 and another H1N1v virus (A/Iowa/39/2015), as well as A/California/07/2009, replicated efficiently in the respiratory tract of ferrets. The two H1N1v viruses transmitted efficiently among cohoused ferrets, but respiratory droplet transmission studies showed that A/California/07/2009 transmitted through the air more efficiently. Pre-existing immunity to A/California/07/2009 did not fully protect ferrets from challenge with A/Ohio/09/2015.IMPORTANCE Human infections with classical swine influenza A(H1N1) viruses that circulate in pigs continue to occur in the United States following exposure to swine. To understand the genetic and virologic characteristics of a virus (A/Ohio/09/2015) associated with a fatal infection and a virus associated with a non-fatal infection (A/Iowa/39/2015), we performed genome sequence analysis, antigenic testing, and pathogenicity and transmission studies in a ferret model. Reverse genetics was employed to identify a single antigenic site substitution (HA G155E) responsible for antigenic variation of A/Ohio/09/2015 compared to related classical swine influenza A(H1N1) viruses. Ferrets with pre-existing immunity to the pandemic A(H1N1) virus were challenged with A/Ohio/09/2015 demonstrating decreased protection. This data illustrates the potential for currently circulating swine influenza viruses to infect and cause illness in humans with pre-existing immunity to H1N1 pandemic 2009 viruses and a need for ongoing risk assessment and development of candidate vaccine viruses for improved pandemic preparedness. |
Workplace violence and hospital security programs: regulatory compliance, program benchmarks, innovative strategies
Blando JD , Nocera M , Ridenour ML , Hartley D . J Healthc Prot Manage 2017 33 (1) 89-105 The authors describe the issue of workplace violence in hospitals, a New Jersey state law and regula- tions regarding workplace vio- lence in healthcare, and some innovative strategies that are being utilized to help reduce the occurrence and risk of violence. The authors also discuss compli- ance with the New Jersey regula- tions. |
Hospital security director background, opinions, and the implementation of security programs
Blando JD , Ridenour ML , Hartley D , Nocera M . J Appl Secur Res 2017 12 (4) 497-511 Effective security is crucial to the functioning of a hospital because it impacts patient care, employee satisfaction and turnover, and patient confidence in the healthcare facility to provide a safe environment for medical care. A survey was conducted of NJ hospital security directors to describe their security programs, assess compliance with statewide workplace violence prevention regulations, and evaluate the influence of their experience and opinions on the comprehensiveness of their security program. The surveyed security programs (n = 52) had partial compliance with the regulations, security directors (n = 35) viewed the regulations positively but also had suggestions for improvements, and having a director with law enforcement experience did not improve regulatory compliance. |
Pathogenicity testing of influenza candidate vaccine viruses in the ferret model
Belser JA , Johnson A , Pulit-Penaloza JA , Pappas C , Pearce MB , Tzeng WP , Hossain MJ , Ridenour C , Wang L , Chen LM , Wentworth DE , Katz JM , Maines TR , Tumpey TM . Virology 2017 511 135-141 The development of influenza candidate vaccine viruses (CVVs) for pre-pandemic vaccine production represents a critical step in pandemic preparedness. The multiple subtypes and clades of avian or swine origin influenza viruses circulating world-wide at any one time necessitates the continuous generation of CVVs to provide an advanced starting point should a novel zoonotic virus cross the species barrier and cause a pandemic. Furthermore, the evolution and diversity of novel influenza viruses that cause zoonotic infections requires ongoing monitoring and surveillance, and, when a lack of antigenic match between circulating viruses and available CVVs is identified, the production of new CVVs. Pandemic guidelines developed by the WHO Global Influenza Program govern the design and preparation of reverse genetics-derived CVVs, which must undergo numerous safety and quality tests prior to human use. Confirmation of reassortant CVV attenuation of virulence in ferrets relative to wild-type virus represents one of these critical steps, yet there is a paucity of information available regarding the relative degree of attenuation achieved by WHO-recommended CVVs developed against novel viruses with pandemic potential. To better understand the degree of CVV attenuation in the ferret model, we examined the relative virulence of six A/Puerto Rico/8/1934-based CVVs encompassing five different influenza A subtypes (H2N3, H5N1, H5N2, H5N8, and H7N9) compared with the respective wild-type virus in ferrets. Despite varied virulence of wild-type viruses in the ferret, all CVVs examined showed reductions in morbidity and viral shedding in upper respiratory tract tissues. Furthermore, unlike the wild-type counterparts, none of the CVVs spread to extrapulmonary tissues during the acute phase of infection. While the magnitude of virus attenuation varied between virus subtypes, collectively we show the reliable and reproducible attenuation of CVVs that have the A/Puerto Rico/9/1934 backbone in a mammalian model. |
Workplace violence and training required by new legislation among NJ nurses
Ridenour ML , Hendricks S , Hartley D , Blando JD . J Occup Environ Med 2017 59 (4) e35-e40 Objective: The aim of this study was to examine nurses’ knowledge of the state of New Jersey (NJ) Violence Prevention in Health Care Facilities Act, workplace violence training, and experience with workplace violence. Methods: In 2013, 309 (22.5% response rate) nurses returned a mailed survey. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted. Results: Ninety percent of respondents were female. When the perpetrator was a patient or a family member, the respondents experienced verbal abuse the most (57.8%), followed by threats (52.3%), and physical assault (38.3%). Respondents who had heard of the regulation (89.6%) received a higher proportion of training than those who had not heard of the regulation (57.9%) (Pā<ā0.0001). Conclusions: Nurses who received at least 80% of the required training components were more likely to feel more secure at work, suggesting that training is an important tool to address workplace violence. |
Role of H7 hemagglutinin in murine infectivity of influenza viruses following ocular inoculation
Belser JA , Sun X , Creager HM , Johnson A , Ridenour C , Chen LM , Tumpey TM , Maines TR . Virology 2016 502 13-19 H7 subtype influenza viruses have demonstrated an ocular tropism in humans, causing conjunctivitis and not respiratory symptoms in many infected individuals. However, the molecular determinants which confer ocular tropism are still poorly understood. Here, we used a murine model of ocular inoculation to demonstrate that H7 influenza viruses are more likely to cause infection following ocular exposure than are non-H7 subtype viruses. We included investigation regarding the potential role of several properties of influenza viruses with murine infectivity following ocular inoculation, including virus lineage, pathogenicity, and HA cleavage site composition. Furthermore, we examined the potential contribution of internal proteins to murine ocular infectivity. These studies establish a link between H7 subtype viruses and the risk of heightened infectivity in a mammalian species following ocular exposure, and support the development of non-traditional inoculation methods and models to best understand the human risk posed by influenza viruses of all subtypes. |
A broadly neutralizing anti-influenza antibody reveals ongoing capacity of haemagglutinin-specific memory B cells to evolve
Fu Y , Zhang Z , Sheehan J , Avnir Y , Ridenour C , Sachnik T , Sun J , Hossain MJ , Chen LM , Zhu Q , Donis RO , Marasco WA . Nat Commun 2016 7 12780 Understanding the natural evolution and structural changes involved in broadly neutralizing antibody (bnAb) development holds great promise for improving the design of prophylactic influenza vaccines. Here we report an haemagglutinin (HA) stem-directed bnAb, 3I14, isolated from human memory B cells, that utilizes a heavy chain encoded by the IGHV3-30 germline gene. MAb 3I14 binds and neutralizes groups 1 and 2 influenza A viruses and protects mice from lethal challenge. Analysis of VH and VL germline back-mutants reveals binding to H3 and H1 but not H5, which supports the critical role of somatic hypermutation in broadening the bnAb response. Moreover, a single VLD94N mutation improves the affinity of 3I14 to H5 by nearly 10-fold. These data provide evidence that memory B cell evolution can expand the HA subtype specificity. Our results further suggest that establishing an optimized memory B cell pool should be an aim of 'universal' influenza vaccine strategies. |
The Violence Prevention Community Meeting: a multi-site study
Lanza M , Ridenour M , Hendricks S , Rierdan J , Zeiss R , Schmidt S , Lovelace J , Amandus H . Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2016 30 (3) 382-6 OBJECTIVE: The Violence Prevention Community Meeting (VPCM) is a specialized form of community meeting in which avoiding violence and promoting non-violent problem solving and interpersonal civility are focal points. A nationwide study to assess the VPCM as an effective intervention to reduce workplace violence was undertaken. PARTICIPANTS: Seven acute locked psychiatric units of the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) throughout the United States participated in the study. METHODS: All patients and all staff on the seven in-patient locked psychiatry units participated in the intervention (VPCM) or as a control (treatment as usual). The study was 21weeks at each site. The three time periods were pre-treatment weeks 1-3, treatment weeks 4-18, and post-treatment weeks 19-21. The VPCM was conducted during the treatment weeks. RESULTS: Overall rates of aggression declined by 0.6% (95% CI: -5.6%, 6.5%; nonsignificant) per week in the intervention hospitals and by 5.1% (95% CI: 0.4%, 9.6%; significant) per week for the control hospitals. CONCLUSIONS: Aggression decreased for both the intervention and control hospitals which could be due to enrollment in a research study and thus being more aware of their ability to address workplace violence at their site. |
Identification of Influenza A/PR/8/34 Donor Viruses Imparting High Hemagglutinin Yields to Candidate Vaccine Viruses in Eggs.
Johnson A , Chen LM , Winne E , Santana W , Metcalfe MG , Mateu-Petit G , Ridenour C , Hossain MJ , Villanueva J , Zaki SR , Williams TL , Cox NJ , Barr JR , Donis RO . PLoS One 2015 10 (6) e0128982 One of the important lessons learned from the 2009 H1N1 pandemic is that a high yield influenza vaccine virus is essential for efficient and timely production of pandemic vaccines in eggs. The current seasonal and pre-pandemic vaccine viruses are generated either by classical reassortment or reverse genetics. Both approaches utilize a high growth virus, generally A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 (PR8), as the donor of all or most of the internal genes, and the wild type virus recommended for inclusion in the vaccine to contribute the hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes encoding the surface glycoproteins. As a result of extensive adaptation through sequential egg passaging, PR8 viruses with different gene sequences and high growth properties have been selected at different laboratories in past decades. The effect of these related but distinct internal PR8 genes on the growth of vaccine viruses in eggs has not been examined previously. Here, we use reverse genetics to analyze systematically the growth and HA antigen yield of reassortant viruses with 3 different PR8 backbones. A panel of 9 different HA/NA gene pairs in combination with each of the 3 different lineages of PR8 internal genes (27 reassortant viruses) was generated to evaluate their performance. Virus and HA yield assays showed that the PR8 internal genes influence HA yields in most subtypes. Although no single PR8 internal gene set outperformed the others in all candidate vaccine viruses, a combination of specific PR8 backbone with individual HA/NA pairs demonstrated improved HA yield and consequently the speed of vaccine production. These findings may be important both for production of seasonal vaccines and for a rapid global vaccine response during a pandemic. |
Development of influenza A(H7N9) candidate vaccine viruses with improved hemagglutinin antigen yield in eggs
Ridenour C , Johnson A , Winne E , Hossain J , Mateu-Petit G , Balish A , Santana W , Kim T , Davis C , Cox NJ , Barr JR , Donis RO , Villanueva J , Williams TL , Chen LM . Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2015 9 (5) 263-70 BACKGROUND: The emergence of avian influenza A(H7N9) virus in poultry causing zoonotic human infections was reported on March 31, 2013. Development of A(H7N9) candidate vaccine viruses (CVV) for pandemic preparedness purposes was initiated without delay. Candidate vaccine viruses were derived by reverse genetics using the internal genes of A/Puerto/Rico/8/34 (PR8). The resulting A(H7N9) CVVs needed improvement because they had titers and antigen yields that were suboptimal for vaccine manufacturing in eggs, especially in a pandemic situation. METHODS: Two CVVs derived by reverse genetics were serially passaged in embryonated eggs to improve the hemagglutinin (HA) antigen yield. The total viral protein and HA antigen yields of six egg-passaged CVVs were determined by the BCA assay and isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS) analysis, respectively. CVVs were antigenically characterized by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assays with ferret antisera. RESULTS: Improvement of total viral protein yield was observed for the six egg-passaged CVVs; HA quantification by IDMS indicated approximately a two-fold increase in yield of several egg-passaged viruses as compared to that of the parental CVV. Several different amino acid substitutions were identified in the HA of all viruses after serial passage; however HI tests indicated that the antigenic properties of two CVVs remained unchanged. CONCLUSIONS: If influenza A(H7N9) viruses were to acquire sustained human to human transmissibility, the improved HA yield of the egg-passaged CVVs generated in this study could expedite vaccine manufacturing for pandemic mitigation. |
Suicide in U.S workplaces, 2003-2010: a comparison with non-workplace suicides
Tiesman HM , Konda S , Hartley D , Menendez CC , Ridenour M , Hendricks S . Am J Prev Med 2015 48 (6) 674-82 INTRODUCTION: Suicide rates have risen considerably in recent years. National workplace suicide trends have not been well documented. The aim of this study is to describe suicides occurring in U.S. workplaces and compare them to suicides occurring outside of the workplace between 2003 and 2010. METHODS: Suicide data originated from the Census of Fatal Occupational Injury database and the Web-Based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System. Suicide rates were calculated using denominators from the 2013 Current Population Survey and 2000 U.S. population census. Suicide rates were compared among demographic groups with rate ratios and 95% CIs. Suicide rates were calculated and compared among occupations. Linear regression, adjusting for serial correlation, was used to analyze temporal trends. Analyses were conducted in 2013-2014. RESULTS: Between 2003 and 2010, a total of 1,719 people died by suicide in the workplace. Workplace suicide rates generally decreased until 2007 and then sharply increased (p=0.035). This is in contrast with non-workplace suicides, which increased over the study period (p=0.025). Workplace suicide rates were highest for men (2.7 per 1,000,000); workers aged 65-74 years (2.4 per 1,000,000); those in protective service occupations (5.3 per 1,000,000); and those in farming, fishing, and forestry (5.1 per 1,000,000). CONCLUSIONS: The upward trend of suicides in the workplace underscores the need for additional research to understand occupation-specific risk factors and develop evidence-based programs that can be implemented in the workplace. |
Barriers to effective implementation of programs for the prevention of workplace violence in hospitals
Blando J , Ridenour M , Hartley D , Casteel C . Online J Issues Nurs 2015 20 (1) Effective workplace violence (WPV) prevention programs are essential, yet challenging to implement in healthcare. The aim of this study was to identify major barriers to implementation of effective violence prevention programs. After reviewing the related literature, the authors describe their research methods and analysis and report the following seven themes as major barriers to effective implementation of workplace violence programs: a lack of action despite reporting; varying perceptions of violence; bullying; profit-driven management models; lack of management accountability; a focus on customer service; and weak social service and law enforcement approaches to mentally ill patients. The authors discuss their findings in light of previous studies and experiences and offer suggestions for decreasing WPV in healthcare settings. They conclude that although many of these challenges to effective implementation of workplace violence programs are both within the program itself and relate to broader industry and societal issues, creative innovations can address these issues and improve WPV prevention programs. |
Workplace violence prevention for nurses on-line course: program development
Hartley D , Ridenour M , Craine J , Morrill A . Work 2014 51 (1) 79-89 BACKGROUND: Many entry-level and experienced healthcare professionals have not received training in workplace violence prevention strategies. OBJECTIVE: This paper describes the development, content, and initial qualitative evaluation of an on-line course designed to give healthcare workers an opportunity to acquire free workplace violence prevention training while earning free continuing education units. METHODS: A group of healthcare violence prevention researchers worked via email and face-to-face meetings to decide appropriate content for the course. Educational strategies used in the course include: text; video re-enactments of real-life workplace violence incidents; and videos of nurses discussing incidents of violence. Initial evaluation involved a focus group of nurses to discuss the course content and navigation. RESULTS: The on-line course has thirteen units that take approximately 15 minutes each to complete. The focus group participants liked the "resume-where-you-left-off" technology that enables the user to complete any portion of the course, leave to do something, and return to the course where they left off. Participants viewed the "Nurses' Voices" videos as relevant illustrations of violence that nurses face in their workplaces. CONCLUSIONS: The focus group participants considered the course to be an effective learning tool for people new to the profession and for those with seniority. |
Incidence and risk factors of workplace violence on psychiatric staff
Ridenour M , Lanza M , Hendricks S , Hartley D , Rierdan J , Zeiss R , Amandus H . Work 2014 51 (1) 19-28 BACKGROUND: A study by Hesketh et al. found that 20% of psychiatric nurses were physically assaulted, 43% were threatened with physical assault, and 55% were verbally assaulted at least once during the equivalent of a single work week. From 2005 through 2009, the U.S. Department of Justice reported that mental health occupations had the second highest average annual rate of workplace violence, 21 violent crimes per 1,000 employed persons aged 16 or older. OBJECTIVE: An evaluation of risk factors associated with patient aggression towards nursing staff at eight locked psychiatric units. PARTICIPANTS: Two-hundred eighty-four nurses in eight acute locked psychiatric units of the Veterans Health Administration throughout the United States between September 2007 and September 2010. METHODS: Rates were calculated by dividing the number of incidents by the total number of hours worked by all nurses, then multiplying by 40 (units of incidents per nurse per 40-hour work week). Risk factors associated with these rates were analyzed using generalized estimating equations with a Poisson model. RESULTS: Combining the data across all hospitals and weeks, the overall rate was 0.60 for verbal aggression incidents and 0.19 for physical aggression, per nurse per week. For physical incidents, the evening shift (3 pm - 11 pm) demonstrated a significantly higher rate of aggression than the day shift (7 am - 3 pm). Weeks that had a case-mix with a higher percentage of patients with personality disorders were significantly associated with a higher risk of verbal and physical aggression. CONCLUSION: Healthcare workers in psychiatric settings are at high risk for aggression from patients. |
Workplace violence prevention for healthcare workers-an online course
Hartley D , Ridenour M , Craine J , Costa B . Rehabil Nurs 2012 37 (4) 202-6 PURPOSE: Workplace assaults against healthcare workers originate from many sources, but are predominantly committed by patients. Therefore, training in strategies for preventing patient-on-nurse violence is very important throughout a nurse's career. METHODS: The online course described in this article presents prevention strategies from the institutional and individual levels. These are reinforced by video case studies of five real-life incidents with key learning points discussed. RESULTS: The physical and psychological consequences of workplace assaults can result in higher absenteeism, increased turnover, decreased job satisfaction, lower productivity, and a host of other negative outcomes. DISCUSSION: Preventing these negative outcomes is beneficial to the nurse, the patients, and the organization. This course provides a convenient interactive tool that uses units approximately 20 minutes in duration with stop and pick up where you left off capabilities. CONCLUSION: The free online course will be available starting in the summer or fall of 2012. |
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